Physics Lessons

Explore 50+ interactive 3D simulations across every domain of physics

beginner
50 XP

Newton's First Law

An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a force.

F = 0 → v = const
10 min
Start Lesson
beginner
60 XP

Newton's Second Law

Force equals mass times acceleration.

F = m × a
12 min
Start Lesson
beginner
50 XP

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

F₁₂ = -F₂₁
10 min
Start Lesson
beginner
70 XP

Kinematics

Motion of objects: position, velocity, and acceleration over time.

x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
80 XP

Projectile Motion

Trajectory of an object launched into the air under gravity.

y = v₀sin(θ)t - ½gt²
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Circular Motion

Uniform circular motion and centripetal force.

F = mv²/r
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Energy Conservation

Kinetic and potential energy transform but total energy is conserved.

KE + PE = const
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
60 XP

Momentum

Momentum is conserved in isolated systems.

p = mv
10 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
80 XP

Collisions

Elastic and inelastic collisions between objects.

m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁' + m₂v₂'
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
100 XP

Rotational Dynamics

Torque, angular momentum, and moment of inertia.

τ = Iα
18 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Pendulum

Simple pendulum oscillation and period.

T = 2π√(L/g)
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Spring Oscillation

Hooke's law and simple harmonic motion.

F = -kx
12 min
Start Lesson
beginner
50 XP

Friction

Static and kinetic friction forces.

f = μN
10 min
Start Lesson
beginner
50 XP

Inclined Plane

Forces on an object on a ramp.

F = mg sin(θ)
10 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
60 XP

Terminal Velocity

When drag equals gravity, falling objects stop accelerating.

v_t = √(2mg/ρAC)
10 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Coriolis Effect

Apparent force in rotating reference frames.

F = -2m(ω × v)
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Simple Harmonic Motion

Oscillation with restoring force proportional to displacement.

x(t) = A cos(ωt)
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Universal Gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation between masses.

F = G(m₁m₂)/r²
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
100 XP

Planetary Orbits

Kepler's laws and orbital mechanics.

T² ∝ r³
18 min
Start Lesson
advanced
120 XP

Black Holes

Gravitational singularity and event horizon.

r_s = 2GM/c²
20 min
Start Lesson
advanced
120 XP

Wormholes

Theoretical bridges through spacetime.

ds² = f(r)dt² - dr²/f(r)
20 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Wave Motion

Transverse and longitudinal wave propagation.

v = fλ
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Doppler Effect

Frequency shift from relative motion of source and observer.

f' = f(v ± v_o)/(v ∓ v_s)
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Wave Superposition

When waves overlap, they add together.

y = y₁ + y₂
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Fluid Dynamics

Bernoulli's principle and fluid flow.

P + ½ρv² + ρgh = const
15 min
Start Lesson
beginner
50 XP

Buoyancy

Archimedes' principle of buoyant force.

F_b = ρgV
10 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Gas Laws

Boyle's, Charles's, and ideal gas law.

PV = nRT
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Heat Transfer

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

Q = mcΔT
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Coulomb's Law

Electrostatic force between charges.

F = k(q₁q₂)/r²
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Electric Field

Field lines from point charges and dipoles.

E = kq/r²
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Magnetic Field

Magnetic field lines around magnets and wires.

B = μ₀I/(2πr)
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Lorentz Force

Force on a charged particle in E and B fields.

F = q(E + v × B)
15 min
Start Lesson
beginner
50 XP

Electric Circuit

Current flow through resistors and batteries.

V = IR
10 min
Start Lesson
beginner
40 XP

Ohm's Law

Voltage, current, and resistance relationship.

V = IR
8 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's law of induction.

ε = -dΦ/dt
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Electromagnetic Waves

Oscillating E and B fields propagating through space.

c = 1/√(ε₀μ₀)
15 min
Start Lesson
beginner
40 XP

Reflection

Light bounces off surfaces at equal angles.

θᵢ = θᵣ
8 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Refraction

Light bends when passing between media.

n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂)
12 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Lenses

Converging and diverging lens optics.

1/f = 1/do + 1/di
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Interference

Double-slit experiment and wave interference.

d sin(θ) = mλ
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Diffraction

Light spreading around obstacles and through slits.

a sin(θ) = mλ
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
90 XP

Bohr Model

Electron orbits and energy levels in hydrogen.

E_n = -13.6/n² eV
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
100 XP

Quantum Tunneling

Particles passing through energy barriers.

T ∝ e^(-2κa)
18 min
Start Lesson
advanced
120 XP

Wave Function

Schrödinger equation and probability density.

iℏ ∂ψ/∂t = Ĥψ
20 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Photoelectric Effect

Light ejects electrons from metal surfaces.

E = hf - φ
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Compton Scattering

Photon-electron scattering shows particle nature of light.

Δλ = h(1-cosθ)/(mc)
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Uncertainty Principle

You cannot know position and momentum precisely.

ΔxΔp ≥ ℏ/2
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
100 XP

Quantum Spin

Intrinsic angular momentum of particles.

S² = s(s+1)ℏ²
18 min
Start Lesson
advanced
120 XP

Special Relativity

Time and space are relative to the observer.

t' = γ(t - vx/c²)
20 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Time Dilation

Moving clocks run slower.

t = t₀/√(1-v²/c²)
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
60 XP

Mass-Energy Equivalence

Einstein's famous equation.

E = mc²
10 min
Start Lesson
advanced
150 XP

General Relativity

Gravity as curvature of spacetime.

G_μν = 8πT_μν
25 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Nuclear Fission

Splitting heavy nuclei releases energy.

E = Δmc²
15 min
Start Lesson
advanced
90 XP

Nuclear Fusion

Fusing light nuclei powers the sun.

4H → He + 2e⁺ + 26.7 MeV
15 min
Start Lesson
intermediate
70 XP

Radioactive Decay

Alpha, beta, and gamma decay with half-life.

N = N₀e^(-λt)
12 min
Start Lesson
advanced
100 XP

Antimatter

Matter-antimatter annihilation.

p + p̄ → 2γ
15 min
Start Lesson